Ireland's Brehon laws were far before their time
Ancient laws about sex, land, music and drink
Published Tuesday, June 7, 2011, 7:52 AM
Updated Tuesday, June 7, 2011, 5:11 PM
Recreation of a crannog (ringed settlement with mud huts) in at Craggaunowen, County Clare
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Brehon Law is the body of ancient native law which was generally operational in Gaelic areas until the completion of the English conquest of Ireland in the early 17th century. They were first set down on parchment in the 7th century and were named after wanderings lawyers, the Brehons.
By the time of Elizabeth I, the Brehon laws were considered to be old, lewd, unreasonable laws. They were banned and English common law was introduced. However, thankfully, some of the Brehons thought to hide the precious manuscripts and a good number of them survived.
In 1852, two Irish scholars, Eugene O'Curry and John O'Donovan, took to translating the laws. In the words of another Irish scholar, what they found were "secrets" about Ireland's past.
The laws were "details." Binchy said: "details that describe ancient life in the days when the Irish still lived in mud huts and small ringed settlements and paid their bills in cows and bacon."
Here are just a couple of Ireland's stranger ancient laws:
Musicians / Artists
· The harpist is the only musician who is of noble standing. Flute players, trumpeters and timpanists as well as jugglers, conjurers and equestrians who stand on the back of horses at fairs, have no status of their own in the community, only that of the noble chieftain to whom they are attached.
· The poet who overcharges for a poem shall be stripped of half his rank in society.
Property / Land
· The creditor who holds your brooch, your necklet of your earrings as a pledge against your loan must return them so you may wear them at the great assembly. Or he will be fined for your humiliation.
· For the best arable land the price is 24 cows. The price for dry, coarse land is 12 dry cows.
Relationships
· February first is the day on which husband and wife may decide to walk away from the marriage.
· If a man takes a woman off on a horse, into the woods or onto a sea-going ship, and if members of the woman's tribe are present, they must object within 24 hours or they may not demand payment of the fine.
· The husband-to-be shall pay the price of land, cattle, horses, gold or silver to the father of bride. Husband and wife retain individual rights to all land, flocks and household goods each brings to the marriage.
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· A husband who through listlessness does not go to his wife in her bed must pay a fine.
· If a pregnant woman craves a morsel of food and her husband withholds it though stinginess or neglect he must pay a fine.
· If a woman makes an assignation with a man to come to her in a bed or behind a bush, the man is not considered guilty even if she screams. If she has not agreed to a meeting, however, he is guilty as soon as she screams.
· When you become old your family must provide you with one oatcake a day plus a container of sour milk. They must bathe you every 20th night and wash your head every Saturday. Seventeen sticks of firewood is the allotment for keeping you warm.
Health
· No fools, drunks or female scolds are allowed in the doctor's house when a patient is healing there. No bad news to be brought and no talking across the bed. No grunts of pigs or barking of dogs outside.
· If the doctor heals your wound but it breaks out a new because of his carelessness, neglect or gross want of skill he must return the fee you paid. He must also pay you damages as if he himself had wounded you.
Random
· Whoever comes to your door you must feed him and care for him with no questions asked.
· It is illegal to give somebody food that has been found with a dead mouse or weasel.
· A layman may drink six pints of ale with his dinner but a monk my drink only three pints. This is so he will not be intoxicated when prayer-time arrives.
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SeamusMor | Jun 07, 2011, 10:27 PM EDT
adrienrain: It has been a long time since the Brehon laws governed the care of old people. Oat cakes and sour milk don't sound good to me today either. The important point is that in Irish culture and under her ancient laws there was regocnized a sacred obligation to care for the elderly so that they lived in dignity and compfort at the end of their lives. It is un-Irish to leave the old to fend for themselves. The message is as important today as ever it was in history.
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seanomelbourne | Jun 07, 2011, 06:43 PM EDT
St.Patrick banished all the snakes in Ireland they all left for the U.S. and joined the GOP.
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sham1977 | Jun 07, 2011, 04:56 PM EDT
To IC - I know this is an interesting article, however, you ran this before and not that long ago either!!!!!
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haikued2 | Jun 07, 2011, 03:37 PM EDT
We were looking to take the ferry from Dublin to Holyhead and my wife asked an older fellow: where do we catch the Irish ferry?...he thought she said "fairy" and said that they are very hard to find and catch, but best bet is in the countryside, maybe up around Howth, or down in Wicklow. He seemed to know about Leprechauns and where to look....we explained to him we meant the ferry boat to Holyhead and we all had a good laugh.
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haikued2 | Jun 07, 2011, 03:32 PM EDT
Of course Leprechauns are there. We were taught about them in Catholic school in southern california by our Irish priests...WHO DID NOT ABUSE ANYONE...and even our well educated nuns with Irish heritage. Sweden has its little people, too, Tomtars, or as most people would call them gnomes...and there are Trolls, too, most of them in the US Senate, but many still live in the countryside.
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haikued2 | Jun 07, 2011, 03:26 PM EDT
adrienrain, the Brehan law is better than what our society does with the old folks...warehousing isn't living...should be in the homes of their kids being cared for and loved..not just considered pains in the rear and stuck away where there is no familial love.
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haikued2 | Jun 07, 2011, 03:23 PM EDT
" If a woman makes an assignation with a man to come to her in a bed or behind a bush, the man is not considered guilty even if she screams. If she has not agreed to a meeting, however, he is guilty as soon as she screams." Makes more sense than our laws that even if a woman comes to a man's room, gets in bed with him, and has sex, if she screams before he completes it, he is accused of rape. Interesting predicament that puts all men into.
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howareya | Jun 07, 2011, 12:20 PM EDT
OMG, Trealach, I didn't realize we had leprechauns here in the US too!!!!!
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Trealach | Jun 07, 2011, 11:48 AM EDT
@SeamusMor - Leprechauns do indeed exist. They are notably sly little buggers who will steal the eye out of your head and come back for the eye-lashes. They will spin you a story that only God would disbelieve. Today however, they are referred to as POLITICIANS!!
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adrienrain | Jun 07, 2011, 11:13 AM EDT
someone gave me a book on Brehon laws and I didn't find them particularly enlightened, tho' interesting. " When you become old your family must provide you with one oatcake a day plus a container of sour milk. They must bathe you every 20th night and wash your head every Saturday. Seventeen sticks of firewood is the allotment for keeping you warm." That should drive up the suicide rate for aging parents.............
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SeamusMor | Jun 07, 2011, 10:39 AM EDT
The Brehon laws reflect the wisdom of a legal system in tune with human nature. There were a couple dozen causes for divorce in ancient Ireland, and none after the St. Patrick and the Church weighed in on the issue. The Irish were taught to disgard their old beliefs by the priests. Not completely sold on the new ways, one might hear an Irishman say "I don't believe in Lerechauns....but I know they are there!
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