Labor Day -- an "Irish" Holiday

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The Irish-American

Patricia Harty co-founded Irish America magazine in 1985, and has been its Editor-in-Chief ever since. The magazine, which famed writer Pete Hamill referred to as “one of the finest literary magazines around today,” has become a powerful vehicle of expression on a range of political, economic, social and cultural themes that are of paramount importance to the Irish in the United States. Among Harty's many interviews in the past 24 years are Sen. George Mitchell, Sinn Fein leader Gerry Adams, basketball coach Pat Riley, Nobel Prize-winning poet Seamus Heaney, Wall Street guru Peter Lynch, best-selling author Pat Conroy, Hollywood legend Gregory Peck, and corporate titan Jack Welch. Harty, a native of Tipperary, Ireland, serves on the advisory board of Glucksman Ireland House, New York University's center for Irish studies. She is the author of the "Greatest Irish Americans of the 20th Century," and has contributed to several other books, including "Being Irish," and "The Irish Face in America."

Posted by PatriciaHarty at 9/8/2009 5:42 PM EDT

Labor Day is kind of like Christmas -- people have forgotten the meaning of it. They just want the presents, the birth of Christ gets lost somewhere in the wrappings.

The significance of Labor Day gets lost too -- in the sandwiches at the beach on the last day of summer. But as you throw another hot dog on the Barbie, spare a thought for McGuire, Maguire, Jones, Quill and Sweeney –- to name just a few of the many great Irish labor leaders.

Mary “Mother” Jones was born Mary Harris in Cork in the early 1800s. She immigrated to Canada, lost her husband and her four children in a yellow fever epidemic in Memphis, all her possessions in the Chicago fire, and as a woman in her 50s went on to become one of the founders of the Industrial Workers of the World. Her work with the United Mine Workers earned her the title “Angel of the Camp.”

One of the many contributions that Mother Jones is remembered for is the work she did on behalf of the wives and children of strikers, and the 1905 children’s march she led from Kensington, Pennsylvania, to President Theodore Roosevelt’s summer home on Long Island, New York, to protest child labor (children as young as seven worked on the slag heaps in Pennsylvania).

My favorite Mother Jones quotes is “Pray for the dead but fight like hell for the living.”

As for Labor Day itself, depending on the source, the holiday is credited to either Peter McGuire or Matthew Maguire. Either way, it’s safe to say that the national day commemorating America’s workers was first proposed by an Irishman.

Peter McGuire was born to Irish immigrants on the Lower East Side in New York in 1852. He left school at age 11 to become the breadwinner for his family when his father went off to fight for the Union Army. At 17, he was apprenticed to Hanes piano shop. He successfully protested against poor conditions and a wage reduction, but was later harassed out of his job.

Unbowed, Peter took his carpentry skills on the road, hopping freight trains and talking to laborers across the country, and in 1881 he organized a convention in Chicago where the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners was born.

According to most records, McGuire, who was also a co-founder of the American Federation of Labor, was the first to propose a day to honor those “who from rude nature have delved and carved all the grandeur we behold.”

Other sources credit Matthew Maguire, a machinist and a member of the International Association of Machinists, as the first to propose setting aside a day to honor American workers. Maguire served as a secretary of the Central Labor Union of New York, which organized the first-ever Labor Day parade in 1882.

In 1905, the same year that Mother Jones, who had been called “the most dangerous woman in America,” was marching her children to New York, Mike Quill was born in Kilgarven County Kerry.

At fourteen he fought in Ireland’s War of Independence. In 1926, blacklisted for serving with the “anti-Treaty” forces, he made his way to America at the tender age of 21.

Times were tough, but he found work constructing the new IND subway line in New York -- 12-hour days, seven days a week.

Inspired by the great Irish labor leaders and revolutionaries Jim Larkin and James Connelly, Quill set about organizing the transit workers. And in 1934, with the help of some fellow Irishmen and others, he founded the Transit Workers Union.

Opponents called him “the most dangerous man in America.”

Later, in recalling the efforts to organize Quill said: “We were no experts in the field of labor organization, but we had something in common with our fellow workers: we were all poor -- we were all overworked -- we were all victims of the 84 hour week. In fact, we were all so low down on the economic and social ladder that we had nowhere to go but up.”

Quill had many victories, including reducing the workweek from seven to six days.

In 1966, he presided over the famous 10-day transit workers strike. The union was successful in increasing the hourly wage --- $3.18 to $4.14 an hour – and earning an extra paid holiday for workers. But Quill suffered a heart attack while in jail for contempt during the strike, and lived just a couple of weeks past the successful settlement.

On the occasion of his death Reverend Martin Luther King paid Quill the following tribute: “Mike Quill was a fighter for decent things all his life - Irish Independence, labor organization and racial equality. He spent his life ripping the chains of bondage off his fellow man. This is a man the ages will remember.”

And so, here’s to our modern day heroes – chief among them John Sweeney who has risen to the top of the AFL-CIO.

The son of Irish immigrants – he was born in 1934, the same year that Mike Quill founded the Transit Workers Union, and his father, a bus driver, was a dedicated member, Sweeney throughout his life has been a tireless advocate for workers’ rights: fair wages, good jobs, health care, retirement security.

To draw attention to the plight of immigrant and undocumented workers, the AFL-CIO sponsored the Immigrant Workers Freedom Rides and many such marches on Washington.

“The way we are treating the present millions of immigrant workers in our country is a disgrace. Immigrant workers are being exploited even more than they have ever been in our country,” he has said.

Sweeney, who will retire on September 13, was Irish America magazine’s 2004 Irish American of the Year. He said, in an interview with the magazine, “My parents were both Irish immigrants, so we grew up in that culture, where social justice was a big thing. It was something that I felt very strongly about, and in my youngest days I could draw the contrast between my father being a member of the union and my mother a domestic worker with no union and no benefits.”

Happy retirement, John. Together with the other Irish great labor leaders you have ensured that all of us Irish can take a little extra pride in celebrating Labor Day.

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Tags: Mike, Quill, Labor, Day, Peter, McGuire, Matthew, Maguire, Mother, Jones, John, Sweeney, immigrants, Mike, Quill

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yesyesyes wrote:

Great Piece:
Mary “Mother” Jones was a woman in her 50s and with all the trials, the losses and challenges -fought for those that needed a leader .. I admire this woman and her sacrifice.

I. McLaughlin

9/13/2009 6:21 PM EDT

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Holyoke wrote:

As much as Labor Day – An “Irish” Holiday was an inspiring teaching moment (even for this reader who is in that field) it was also a poignant reminder of what is “significant.” Not only is history being lost; but as you wrote, the greater loss is the loss of the significance of what we have been given.

Even though not the focus for the author’s essay, worthy of reflection is the author’s observation regarding the loss of the significance of both Christmas and Labor Day. There is a relationship in the diminishment of these two holidays; a diminishment resulting from the loss of perceived relevancy of the institutions whose good works have resulted in celebrating their institutional missions with these holidays. Today, we observed religion abandoning cathedral-like churches, hospitals, schools, human service facilities built with the meager wages earned by immigrants of long past and we observe labor unions representing only 7% of the private workforce, down from the 40% of the former immigrant populated workforce of several generations ago. Perhaps that loss of significance results from a loss of mission by each institution, with the turning of their corporal-works-of-mercy over to the government. So much of the church’s former work and everything that the heros of the essay accomplished is now done by lobbyists, politicians and bureaucrats.

F. Sullivan

10/1/2009 4:34 PM EDT

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